Image source, NetflixNetflix has hinted it will crack down on households sharing passwords as it seeks to sign up new members following a sharp fall in subscribers.
The number of households using the streaming service fell by 200,000 in the first three months of the year as it faced stiff competition from rivals.
It was also hit after it raised prices in some countries and left Russia.
Netflix warned shareholders another two million subscribers were likely to leave in the three months to July.
"Our revenue growth has slowed considerably," the firm told shareholders on Tuesday after publishing its first quarter results.
"Our relatively high household penetration - when including the large number of households sharing accounts - combined with competition, is creating revenue growth headwinds."
The streaming giant estimates more than 100 million households watch the service for free using shared passwords.
Boss Reed Hastings previously described the practice as "something you have to learn to live with", adding that much of it is "legitimate" between family members. The firm also said account sharing had probably fuelled its growth by getting more people using Netflix.
But on Tuesday, Mr Hastings said it was making it hard to attract new subscribers in some countries.
"When we were growing fast, it wasn't a high priority to work on [account sharing]. And now we're working super hard on it," he told shareholders.
The firm said payment plans it is testing to curb password sharing in Latin America could be rolled out to other countries.
Since last month, account holders in Chile, Costa Rica and Peru must pay to add user profiles for people outside their household (the company currently allows people who live together to share their Netflix account).
Users can add up to two extra profiles for $2-$3 (£1.53-£2.30) a month each, on top of their regular fee.
Netflix - which did not say how it would enforce the rule - said it was seeking a "customer centric" solution.
"The principle way we have is asking our members to pay a bit more to share the service outside their homes," said Greg Peters, Netflix's chief product officer.
Dominic Sunnebo, an analyst at research firm Kantar, warned the plan could backfire at a time when consumers were looking for ways to save money.
"If the schemes to counter password sharing move too fast and too aggressively, it also risks alienating a potential future audience - many who password-share beyond the household are not actually aware they're breaking the terms of their subscription."
Cost of living hit
Netflix said that pulling out of Russia in March in response to the Ukraine war had cost it 700,000 subscribers.
And another 600,000 people stopped using its service in the US and Canada after it put up prices in January.
The firm raised prices across all of its US plans, with a basic plan increasing from $9 to $10 per month, and a standard from $14 to $15.50.
In the UK, basic and standard plans have both increased by £1 a month to £6.99 and £10.99 respectively.
Netflix said the price rises would yield more money for the firm, despite the cancellations. But analysts say the rising cost of streaming services is wearing on households as the cost of living rises.
In the UK, households cancelled more than 1.5 million streaming subscriptions in the first three months of the year, with 38% saying they wanted to save money.
Image source, LIAM DANIEL/NETFLIXSeeming to acknowledge this, Mr Hastings said Netflix was looking at launching a free ad-supported service like its rivals Disney and HBO.
Analysts say it could open a significant new revenue stream for the company, which has so far shunned advertising.
"Those who have followed Netflix know that I've been against the complexity of advertising, and a big fan of the simplicity of subscription," he said. "But, as much as I'm a fan of that, I'm a bigger fan of consumer choice."
Netflix's biggest threat is intense competition from firms such as Amazon, Apple and Disney, which are pouring money into their online streaming services, according to experts.
Paolo Pescatore, an analyst at PP Foresight, said Netflix's subscriber loss was a "reality check", as it tries to balance retaining subscribers with raising its revenue.
"While Netflix and other services were key in lockdown, users are now thinking twice about their purchasing behaviour based upon changing habits," he said.
North America especially is "now awash with too many services chasing too few dollars", he added.
Subscriber exodus
Shares in the streaming giant plunged in early trade in New York on Wednesday, dropping more than 30% off the back of the update.
The firm - which remains the world's leading streaming service with more than 220 million subscribers - had enjoyed uninterrupted quarterly growth in subscribers since October 2011.
However, it said a surge in sign-ups during the pandemic had "obscured" the real picture around its growth.
It made revenue of $7.8bn (£6bn) in the first three months of the year, up 9.8% compared with the same period last year.
That marked a slowdown from earlier quarters, while profits fell more than 6% to roughly $1.6bn